Methamphetamine abuse

screwball clapperclaw is a major problem in the United States, as it increases spreads from Western move of the country to other parts. With its root in the hello, it has gradually spread to the southern and Mid-west part of the states and is increasingly associated with unsafe and frivolous behaviors that predispose to transmission of morbific diseases like hepatitis B and C, and even the dreaded virus, HIV. Of course, the later condition makes it more worrisome for the g eachplacenment, health c be workers and Drug agency. It is associated with head teacherpower damage, serious cardiovascular disorder, behavioral changes, psychotic symptoms, depression, and noisome effects in pregnant women.This is a situation where an individual consumes glass in quantities that are above a therapeutic abuse, without prescription, and for unsolicited personal gains. It presents with compendious term gains such as euphoria accompanied by rush, high level of activity and change magnit ude vigilance. wish-wash is used as therapeutic drug in aid deficit syndrome, and is used to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder.Methamphetamine is a Schedule II stimulant. This implies that it had a high addiction tendency and change magnitude potential for abuse. Although it is only available through a prescription that suffer not be refilled, it is abused by many within the country. intimately of these are man aged 18-25white.EtiologyThe cause of this abuse rout out not be divorced fro the use of drug for personal or group work. In most cases of abuses if not all, methamphetamine is taken as a neuroactive stimulant to produce sententious term effects in the individual. Such effects include euphoria, rush, increase rate of breathing, Increased attention and concentration, Increased activity and wakefulness, reduced appetite and decreased fatigue. It excessively increases libido. These short term advantages are associated with a good feeling in the user.Besides, it does n ot last long enough, and as a compensatory mechanism, methamphetamine drub users and chronic abuser engage in continual use of drug, increased use of goods and services frequency. Sometimes, they take high dose of the drug to increase the effect of the drug on their behavior such as improved sexual performance, erupt attention and increased tendency to work better and more effectively.Methamphetamine comes in a variety of forms. It can be smoked, snorted, injected, or orally ingested. The method that is adopted by a region depends on the ethnic behaviour with respect to other abused drugs and the pattern of choice has changed over time. Of these methods, smoking is commonest because of its faster rate of absorption into the brain to produce the desired effects.One other factor that contributes to Methamphetamine abuse is that it is e readily available at local clandestine laboratories. Although it is manufactured by external specialized laboratories, the ingredients for its manufacture are readily available over the foresee at affordable prices as a result, it is produced for local use. This contributes greatly to its general use.PathogenesisMethamphetamine is similar to amphetamine but they do not parcel of land essentially the same properties of site of action. It is particularly similar to dopamine structurally. Its primary election site of action is the brain. Although t shares certain similar behavioral and physiologic effects with cocaine, it is different from it in its mechanism of action. It has a high remembering rate in the body. This implies that is not readily eliminated from the system via excretion or detoxification in the liver. Since its primacy site of action is the brain, its absorption and long stay in there increase its stimulant action.Central to this action is the fact it increases the levels of the brain chemical dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in emotional motivation, pleasure, and ride function. Methamphetamine blocks dopamine re-uptake, while increasing the release of dopamine, leading to much higher concentrations in the synapse, which can be deadly to nerve terminals. This has an hint in chronic abusers, their increased frequency of white plague or phthisis of higher concentration potentates these effects and makes dopamine readily available for its deleterious effects on neurons.Clinical FeaturesThe symptoms of methamphetamine abuse and sign provoke on examination arise from the euphoria of short term effect, and the toxic effects of dopamine by virtue of long term use. The short term effects have been mentioned earlier. The long term effects are usually negative one of such is addiction. Association with chronic consumption of the methamphetamine is increased tolerance for the substance. This creates a preparatory ground for addiction. separate symptoms seen in chronic abusers of methamphetamine include anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, and violent behavior. They also can display a number of psychotic features, including paranoia, visual and auditive hallucinations, and delusions. Memory Loss, Aggressive or violent behavior, Mood disturbances, severe alveolar consonant problems, Weight loss also form part of features seen in this stratum of people.TreatmentThe alarming rate of spread of methamphetamine indulgence crosswise the nations is worrisome for health care providers. It is equally a headache for every member of the community interested in safe sexual behavior, stay and progress those averse towards violence and communal clashes which have been associated with methamphetamine abuse. In the midst of this sad picture emerges the god news that methamphetamine abuse can both be prevented and more interestingly treated.Since the disorder includes brain damage which presents in functional and behavioral disturbances, the treatment options available are targeted at these. Treatment of methamphetamine intoxication is primaril y supportive. Treatment of methamphetamine abuse is behavioral cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, and the Matrix ensample have proven effective. Treatments by use of drugs are under investigation.REFERENCESWinslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA., Methamphetamine abuse. Swedish Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Littleton, Colorado 80121, USA.http//www.drugabuse.gov/about/ government/cewg/pubs.html.http//www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/MethamphInjury associated with methamphetamine use A review of the literature Hawaii Med J. 199756346, 44. PubMed Murray JB. Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. J Psychol. 1998132227237. www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1448174Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. From The Journal of Psychology Date 3/1/1998 Author Murray, John B. www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-20565391.htmlThomas Ernst, PhD, Linda Chang, MD, Maria LeonidoYee, MD and Oliver Speck, PhD Evid ence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse http//www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/1344Methamphetamine Abuse During Pregnancy Outcome and Fetal personal effects BERTIS B. LITTLE, MA, PhD, LAURA M. SNELL, MPH and LARRY C. GILSTRAP, III, MD ttp//acogjnl.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/72/4/541