The Marginalized Groups of Immigrants in Canada

The Marginalized Groups of Immigrants in CanadaImoghena Usmanin-migration to Canada whitethorn seem the likes of a dream for galore(postnominal) foreigners, since it arguably provides many opportunities. However, immigration causes difficulties in regards to solving and integration into the country. Certain pigeonholings of immigrants panorama concomitant fights when they arrive in Canada and try to navigate bracing and different accessible systems. They hardihood obstacles in that institutions such as the presidency do non fully support them with the potential issues they face. This essay will argue that the experiences of banned immigrants, migrant women and the school-aged immigrant children ar full of hardships in which the Canadian presidential term has created problems that grow prevented them from fully integrating into the country.In the chapter, Illegalized Migrants, Charity-Ann Hannan examines the particular struggles that outlaw(prenominal) immigrants be possessed of had to face. It nab be argued that illegal immigrants face an increased set of ch eachenges than legal immigrants. In Canada, the majority of illegal immigrants obtain this status when they over sting their visa or permit (Hannan 144-145). Without legal documentation, this leads to a number of issues they give the axe non escape. They atomic number 18 non competent to place upright for themselves from other institutions that try to hurt them. They atomic number 18 marginalized, as they be able to be exploited by their employers and stinkpotnot access political sympathies escape (Hanson, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 145). in-migration be add togethers a hardship since illegal immigrants be use for their nominate and no single indispensabilitys does not helper them. In fact, it seems that they are macrocosm punished for being illegal, when they could be trying to stand up demote lives for themselves. The chapter gives a explanation of the migration of i llegalized migrants which highlighted cases of Canadas hesitance of bringing immigrants into the country. For example, in 1869, Canada passed its Immigration make that did not al impression-down criminals in the country (Makarenko, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 146), and employers hired immigrants to work for cheap with no luck for unionization (A very, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 146-147). Without any dash to come together and protect themselves, illegal immigrants arguably could not live good lives nor defend themselves from being exploited for their work. Immigration consisted of hard work without interests being fulfilled. The Chinese were specifi appointy targeted as well. In 1885, the Chinese Immigration figure required them to pay an entrance fee, just now British capital of South Carolina pushed the eclogue government to deny entry, so the 1923 Immigration Act was passed to formally bar entry (Avery, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 147-148). By barring the Chinese from incoming the country, the Canadian government licenced that it was opposed to immigration by legitimate groups of foreigners. By going afterward a specific ethnic community, this indemnity proves that immigration had a bad image because it was based on invidious practices. In 1967, Canada shifted the Immigration Acts way onto skills (Hannan 148), and the 1976 version created classes for immigrants to enter through (Avery 1995 Immigration Act 1976-1977, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 148), which was to create the image that Canada was making a much fair and equitable immigration system, (Hannan 150). However, the government also implemented the TFW program, where if they stay past their visas, they become illegal immigrants (Hennerbry, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 150). The Canadian government whitethorn have tried to improve their image in creating these legislations that encouraged immigration, but they also created legislation that could be believed to have prolongd their legacy of inequality against immigrants. This has continued into recent times as well the 2002 Immigration and Refugee Act encloseed immigrant investors and sponsorship of family (Hannan 150). Immigrants continue to be restricted from being allowed into Canada, and this legislation portrays how the government is still prejudiced against immigration from specific categories. Temporary foreign workers of low skill work for four years and are forced rearwards to their country of origin, but when the first period ended in 2015, it was predicted that at that place would be more illegal immigrants (Alboim and Kohl, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 150). This arguably caused the Canadian governments efforts to restrict entry to the country to be undermined by having temporary migrants becoming illegal immigrants, since the text indicated on that point will be an increase of illegal immigrants collectible to policy (Hannan 156). Canada illustrates a negative attitude towards certain groups of immigrants, in which their policies demonstrate that they are not demanded. This image is also seen through the work of migrants. In the labour market, in that location is a secondary segment of work that has low wages, few benefits, poor working conditions, high labour turnover, and little see of advancement, (Doeringer and Piore, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 153), which is where many migrants work in to address labour pack (Piore, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 153). This is seen with illegal immigrants, as they earn less then legalized migrants (Davila and non-Jew Mehta, Theodore, Mora and Wade Phillips and Massey Rivera-Batiz Youn, Woods, Zhou and Hardigree, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 154). Illegal immigrants are in adventure because they are put in a financially difficult model and do not have the resources to get out of it. They basically suffice to work without any benefits, showing that Canadian immigration for this particular group possibly does not lead to any good outcomes. There are also othe r factors that divides them even more. Men earn higher wages than women (Cobb-Clark and Koussoduji 1999 Mehta et al. 2002 Rivera-Batiz 1999, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 154), as well as those who were employed in the manufacturing manufacturing (Mehta et al. 2002, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 154). According to these examples, illegal immigration is based on discussion section in which they have to fight for survival and rights. However, employers are the ones who benefit as illegal immigrants do not have protection so they cannot machinate (Morales, cited in Hannan 2015, p. 156), demonstrating that many illegal immigrants are to fend for themselves.In Chapter 10, Leslie Nichols and Vappu Tyysk salvage about the experiences of migrant women. In Canadas colonized history, white female immigrants were envisioned as co-settlers with their male counterparts, (Nichols and Tyysk 250). There was number of cases in Canadian history where women of colour were targeted in racialized discriminat ion. One case was coloured Caribbean women, who worked as domestics after British and Finnish domestics came amidst 1900-1930 (Das Gupta, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 251). They only had temporary contracts, and had to go back home, the opposite experience of European women (Nichols and Tyysk 251). The blatant racism showed how non-white females neer got a chance to prove their worth and to live a soften life in a new country. The temporary contracts prove that there was a negative bias towards immigrant women because they did not want women of colour slightly for a long period of time they were unwanted. In terms of economics, immigrant women continue to struggle. This can be seen through the way they entered into Canada as, during 201257.6% of women entered through the family class, (Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2012, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 253). It can be inferred from the statistics that many women do not have the financial resources to provide fo r themselves. This is also demonstrated with the facts that less than half of immigrant women were employed (Statistics Canada 2011, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 254), and the most recent arrivals earned a median income of $15, 590 (Statistics Canada 2013, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 255). Women could be financially struggling because there are no jobs that are stable for them, so they need to be reliant on others. For example, men are the breadwinners of the family (Nichols and Tyysk, 255). They are also unable to learn necessary skills in distinguish to live fully, such as not being able to understand language classes through the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada because childcare is limited to very young children (Pothier, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 256). It demonstrates that female immigrants are unable to get the skills indispensable because the government do not provide better alternatives/programs for them. They will persist financially dependent on others. Women also face challenges from within their families as well. With their spouses, if a woman becomes employed, the males would lose their breadwinner status and lose confidence (Ali and Kilbride, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 257), which causes them to become violent towards the family (Tyysk 2005, 2008, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 257). When immigrant women do get jobs, it causes conflict with their spouses that can lead to a dangerous experience. This further causes them to become marginalized, and may admonish them from finding work. Younger women face pressure to conform into cultural norms in terms of sex which they must pass on to their children (Handa Tyysk, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 261), and are encouraged into practices such as arranged marriage (Ghimire and Axinn, cited in Nichols and Tyysk 2015, p. 261). Immigrant women are being suppressed by their families because they cannot mix into Canadian norms, even if they want t o, and deprivation the choice to make their own decisions. This may be ascribable to patriarchal hierarchies in cultural groups (Nichols and Tyysk 257). If males are dominant, then women neglect the leadership to grow into their own person. This portrays an image of Canadian immigration where women are pushed into sexist roles, and cannot work to make better lives for themselves because the government and other factors continue to stop them.In Chapter 11, Mehrunnisa Ahmad Ali examines child immigrants and their schooling. A variety of immigrant children of colour experienced challenges in terms of race when entering into Canada in its history. One example is when b omit migrants behaved from the United States to Canada (Joshee and legerdemainson, cited in Ali 2015, p. 275), black children were segregated from their white peers in legislated separate schools due to parental fear of their influence (Ali 275). It shows that black children would not be able to settle into the coun try without being ostracized by their communities. Since the schools were legislated (Ali 275), this proves that the government did not consider the wellbeing of immigrant children of colour they were presumably left to fend for themselves. Another example was when a law was passed forcing Aboriginals to attend school, leading to strong-arm removal to residential schools where their culture was taken away from them (Ali 276). Immigration for children would be tough and not welcome by many. It proves that the discrimination of immigrants in Canada was not limited by age. This segregation has continued on into present day, where immigrants move to areas with a common culture and/or affordable, and those in low-income areas send their children to schools where there are many immigrant children (Ali 277). Immigrants are separated from permanent residents due to their situations and lack of similarities. This portrays a divide among the two groups. Immigrant children tend to struggle mo re in school since they do not have the grasp of English, they drop dead behind in class and are put into non-academic streams which lead to get down status jobs then post-secondary education (Ali 278). Immigrant children will grow up to struggle into their adulthood, showing that they will most likely end up in difficult situations. It shows that Canadian immigration for children will pose more challenges for their futures. The government does not help them as well, as there is a lack of funding for English as a Second Language Programs and provincial benefits that only last for a short period of time (Ali 278-279). The meaning of this is that the government has not fully learned from history by not providing the resources necessary to help them settle into their new lives. Immigrant children stand to suffer from the lack of services and the government does not seem to support them. The schools do not seem to look at their experiences and lifestyles as well for example, the curri culum focuses on Canadian heroes and not how they were immigrants (Ali 2009, cited in Ali 2015, p. 281). Immigrant children are also segregated between themselves. Those who live in areas with poverty and high crime go to schools that focus more on dropout rates then academic achievement, while those who come into the country fluent in English or French can enter school more easily, but can face deterrence if they have an accent (Ali 285-286). Depending on the childs circumstances, there is always a chance of failure.Immigration, according to those three groups experiences, is basically a hardship. From past to present, there have been numerous examples where migrants of those categories struggle to make it into their new lives. From the evidence, it can be set(p) that there needs to be more done in mold to make immigrants more comfortable in Canada. If they cannot feel like they are part of a community and have access to resources that can help them know the country more, then it would be difficult for them to feel like they are at home. In Immigration Policy, Settlement Service, and Immigrant Mothers in liberal Canada A Feminist Analysis, Yidan Zhu describes that not so many immigration settlement organizations provide parenting or mothering courses/workshops for mothers, (148). Zhu proves that if certain resources are not provided, then one would infer that immigrants would never be able to learn important knowledge that could help them live better. In all three cases, there has been a division between immigrants and Canadians in which it could almost be categorized as a segregation. This division has cause conflicts between the two groups. For example, Canadian teachers want immigrant parents to raise their children with Canadian values (Ali 2012, cited in Ali 2015, p. 283). There should be a push to immigrants and permanent residents to work together, such as a call for global citizen education (Richardson, cited in Ali 2015, p. 280). If not, these is sues will continue, such as how immigrant children face alienation and no sense of belonging in Canada due to discrimination (Omidvar Richmond, cited in Oxman-Martinez et al, p. 377). Immigrants should be able to feel like they are at home where they feel safe, instead of being separated from the rest of Canadians for being who they are. Finally, the Canadian government should be pushed in making more of an prompt effort in assuring immigrants of these groups are not marginalized. In all three cases, the government contributed in the mistreatment and/or obstacles they have faced. Both individuals and communities must push to make them realize that immigrants need help instead of aeonian battles that they do not have the power to face. For example, Zhu explains that while the state provides immigration resources for women, their own experiences of mothering are considered unimportant and the state is made to look trustworthy for them as the parents (152). There needs to be more c ommunication between the government and immigrants with push from the numerous immigrant communities and other resources because if not, then there will continue to be misguided actions that hurt the community.In conclusion, immigrants are layoverade from reaching their full potential when they arrive in Canada. Illegal immigrants face exploitation, women are devalued and placed under sexist norms and children struggle to integrate into a school system that is not always welcoming. Meanwhile, the government continues to block any chance they have in succeeding in their new country, while outliers also affect their newfound status. Overall, there needs to be more change in order to allow these groups of immigrants to thrive in an unfamiliar world.Works CitedAli, Mehrunnisa Ahmad. The Schooling of Children of Immigrants. Immigrant Experiences in North the States appreciation Settlement and Intergration, edited by Harald Bauder and John Shields, Canadian Scholars pack together Inc. , 2015, pp. 273-291.Hannan, Charity-Ann. Illegalized Migrants. Immigrant Experiences in North America Understanding Settlement and Intergration, edited by Harald Bauder and John Shields, Canadian Scholars Press Inc., 2015, pp. 144-163.Nichols, Leslie and Tyysk, Vappu. Immigrant Women in Canada and the United States. Immigrant Experiences in North America Understanding Settlement and Intergration, edited by Harald Bauder and John Shields, Canadian Scholars Press Inc., 2015, pp. 248-272.Oxman-Martinez, Jacqueline, et al. Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Social Exclusion Newcomer Immigrant Children in Canada. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 82.3 (2012) 376-88. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.Zhu, Yidan. Immigration Policy, Settlement Service, and Immigrant Mothers in neoliberal Canada A Feminist Analysis. Canadian Ethnic Studies, vol. 48, no. 2, 2016, pp. 143-156, Canadian logical argument Current Affairs Database Political Science Database ProQuest Sociology Collection, http//ezproxy.lib.r yerson.ca/login?url=http//search.proquest.com/docview/1815479346?accountid=13631.