Bantu Education in South Africa

Table of Contents Introduction Views of Structural Functionalists on Education Neo-Marxist Perspective on Education Nature of Bantu Education Criticism of Bantu Education Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Education is an important aspect of development in any society. It contributes towards societal development by preparing learners with the relevant skills, values and attitudes they require to take occupational roles in their future lives. This implies that educational systems play a vital role in determining the well-being of a country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bantu Education in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For many years, South Africa was exposed to discriminatory actions resulting from the apartheid system. This was extended to the education sector through the introduction of the Bantu Education. This Essay focuses on the nature of the Bantu education system and its shortcomings in the eyes of structural functionalists and neo-Marxist sociologists. Views of Structural Functionalists on Education There are different structural-functionalist approaches used in the study of sociology of education. However, the most important ones are derived from the works of famous sociologists Durkheim and Parsons. Until the late 1960s and early 1970s, sociological thinking on matters of education was dominated by structural functionalism. Functionalist sociologists of education look at how education contributes towards the well-being of the society. The provision of social solidarity and value consensus is the strongest of the functional contributions that education makes to the society. Education as socialization is associated with transmission of culture, values and norms that enable people to stick together and facilitate social life in highly traditional social communities. Similarly, the modern education system is supposed to hold modern societies together. This think ing is founded on the need to deal with the characteristics associated with the transition from simple traditional to complex and modern societies. Complex modern societies involve a change from a homogeneous life based on rural kinship into concentrated but heterogeneous populations in societies which live in urban areas and characterised by differentiated division of labor. Mass education is a tool that can be used in such societies to instill proper rules and curricula in children that bind them and the new form of society together. This makes it possible for non-kinship -based, consensual and cooperative lives to be established. This was the argument of sociologist Durkheim (Martin 6). After the establishment of industrial capitalist society, Parson advanced an argument that the function of education was to create a bridge between the primary socialization that took place at home and adult life preparation. He focused on the role of the school in equipping children with universa listic values as opposed to the particularistic ones obtained from the family.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Particularistic roles are the ascribed ones such as the role and status of an individual, such as his/her place in the family. Universalistic roles on the other hand emphasize the teachings that on the basis of birth, nobody is better than the other. According to structural functionalists, education is the basis of modern society where it socializes children and equips them with the necessary skills for adult life and to function in a modern society marked by universalistic values. They also believe that education plays an important role in modernizing the society as opposed to mere transition from simple to modern. In addition, the role of education in helping the society adapt to changes in the broader environment such as the competitive advantage cannot be underestim ated. Neo-Marxist Perspective on Education There are numerous neo-Marxist approaches to education but the most influential ones are those of Bowles and Gintis who argue that the education system leads to the production of a capitalist society. According to them, the purpose of education in a capitalist society is to reproduce capitalist relations of production meaning profit, capitalist power and capitalist control of power. They believe in a correspondence principle which explains how the school corresponds with work that serves this purpose. Its function is to reproduce labor in the sense that it provides enough quantities of the different labor types capitalists need. In addition, it reproduces the right type of the labor required by capitalists since it dampens the desire towards class struggle and instead isolates pupils into the highly class-stratified roles they will occupy in the job market once they leave school. Ideally, the purpose of the school is to isolate and integrat e pupils into the capitalist society (Blackledge and Hunt 136). Neo-Marxists argue that for both capitalist and working class children, schools take over from families and socialize the child into the primary societal values, norms, roles and attitudes. The correspondence they talk of between the school and workplace is meant to prepare pupils to assume occupational roles. Schools are organised in a hierarchy and run along authoritarian lines. Learning is also extrinsically motivated rather than being intrinsically motivated. These characteristics of schools the neo-Marxists argue that are replicated in the workplace where the workers follow the orders given by their bosses without questioning. There motivation is only an extrinsic one in the form of the wages they get. While formal curriculum is mandated with the task of giving pupils the basic literacy and numeracy they require in their future jobs, the correspondence between school and work is a form of hidden curriculum that pre pares them to politically and ideologically embrace life in a capitalist society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bantu Education in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are prepared to be obedient, docile, passive and loyal to authorities and hierarchy. According to the neo-Marxists, the bottom line is that only a revolutionary transformation of the capitalist mode of production as a whole can lead to a transformed education system. Nature of Bantu Education After the national party came into power in 1948, the neglect and limitation that had characterised native education from 1910 paved the way for strict state control for black education. This control marked the disappearance of the mission school system which was faced by many challenges despite the fact that it was an important educational institution. The national party government was committed to eliminate the tolerant laissez-faire percept ions towards black education. The Bantu Education Act of 1953 made it possible for the enactment of legislation that was aimed at promoting Christian National Education separate development. Bantu Education in South Africa was intended at providing the ruling elites with a cheap and submissive labor. In addition, it aimed at resolving the urban crisis that had developed in the 1940s and 1950s due to industrialisation and rapid urbanisation. This was caused by the collapsing homeland agriculture and the expansion of secondary industrialisation after the Second World War. Transport, housing and wages were not enough for the increasing number of working class people who lived in towns. The response to the breakdown of these services and poor conditions was squatter movements and the formation of trade unions. Radical oppositions to political activities became the norm, accompanied by the leadership of the African National Congress. The increasing levels of poverty became a threat to th e physical productivity of the white elites. Social stability in the 1940s was either obstructed by the presence of education or lack of it (Hyslop 80). Educationalists attributed the increase in crime rates and the defiant nature of youths to the lack of enough schools. They were afraid that political mobilisation was going to be on the increase. Bantu education was therefore ideally aimed at exercising social control over youth and especially those who were working. In addition, there was the need to socialize them in relation to the norms that were regarded as appropriate by the ruling elites alongside producing properly trained and trainable labor. The uniqueness of Bantu Education was in its adherence to non-egalitarian and racist education. Intellectually, it was believed that such a system of education was important in spreading the idea that the mentality of a native made him suited for repetitive tasks. Such ideas were important in producing a mass education system that was characterised by constrained spending. Although Bantu Education was regarded as a racist-based cheap education, ironically, Africans were responsible for the costs.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They suffered additional taxation in order to fund the cost of African education. The contribution of the state was an annual grant that originated from the general revenue. Taxes raised were used in supplementing the grant where a small percentage was used to develop Bantu Education. The government policy of financing Bantu Education and the increase in the number of students affected the quality due to the worsening of the pupil-teacher ratio. During the early years of Bantu Education, a lot of effort was made to use the wages earned by Africans as the basis of funding the education instead of taxing employers. Although the national party was not willing to endorse adequate academic training and skills training, the education served the interests and needs of the industry hence there was no ill relationship between capital and the state. Anybody was in a position to tell that the educational policies of the government were intended at ensuring that black people secured very few op portunities with regard to employment. They were only prepared to render ready unskilled or skilled labor. This was the relationship between the Bantu Education and the industry (Ballantine 55). Later in the 1950s, Bantu Education was compatible with the significant expansion of the capitalist economy. However, in the 1960s, the educational policies of the state brought about friction between the government and the industry. The state used force to give its organisational and ideological interests the first over more particular interests of business and the industry. Under the guise of concentrating growth of secondary, technical and tertiary education in the homelands, the government succeeded in using the urban school system as a tool of influx control. Education was used to propagate apartheid policy. Criticism of Bantu Education The purpose of any educational system is to equip pupils with relevant knowledge that prepares them for future occupational roles and transforms the soc iety as a whole. However, the Bantu Education that was practiced in South Africa was a faulty education system that could not transform the society. In the eyes of structural functionalists and neo-Marxist sociologists, it was detrimental to the social and economic development of the country. The main focus of structural functionalists is to look at how education contributes towards the well-being of the society. It plays an important role since it forms the basis of modern society by equipping learners with relevant skills that prepare them for adult life. However, according to structural functionalists Bantu Education was devoid of this important function of education. It was racist in nature and could not bring the society together. It was inspired by apartheid and instead of preparing the learners for a cohesive society, it led to more divisions. The system was aimed at ensuring that the black people did not get jobs that were regarded as white men’s. In this structural f unctionalist perspective, the education system was detrimental to the social and economic development of South Africa. In the eyes of neo-Marxist sociologists, Bantu Education was still harmful to the social and economic development of South Africa. Education to them is supposed to equip the learners with the right attitudes, values and norms that allow them to thrive in a capitalist society. However, Bantu Education was only interested in giving learners skills that could not allow them to thrive in a capitalist society. For instance, the skills that were being passed to them could only allow them to be used in the provision of cheap unskilled or semi-skilled labor. Neo-Marxists also believe that education is supposed to equip learners with the right skills to provide various labor types required by capitalists. On the contrary, Bantu Education provided learners with skills that could only be applied in limited areas. It was even a disadvantage to the capitalists since they could n ot get skilled labor whenever they required it. The education system was therefore detrimental to the social and economic development of South Africa. Conclusion Education plays an important role in preparing children for their future occupational roles by equipping them with the right values, norms and attitudes. This enables them to make positive contributions in the society. Although structural functionalists and neo-Marxists hold some differing views on the purpose of education, they both share a common belief that education plays an important role in transforming the society. However, the Bantu Education in South Africa was discriminatory in nature and prevented societal development. According to the two groups of sociologists, it was detrimental towards the social and economic development of South Africa. Works Cited Ballantine, Jeanne. The sociology of education: A systematic analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993.Print. Blackledge, David and Barry Hunt. Sociolog ical interpretations of education, London: Routledge, 1985.Print. Hyslop, Jonathan. The classroom struggle: policy and resistance in South Africa,1940-1990, Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1999.Print. Martin, Ruhr. The Sociology of Education, Pretoria: University of South Africa, 2006.Print. This essay on Bantu Education in South Africa was written and submitted by user Haiden Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Ap English Book Report Essays

Ap English Book Report Essays Ap English Book Report Essay Ap English Book Report Essay Name of Book: Nickel and Dimed Author: Barbara Ehrenreich Plot Summary: The author, Barbara Ehrenreich, works for the prestigious New Yorker magazine. One day over lunch with a famous editor discussing possible stories to write, she comments that the minimum wage is too low. She thinks someone used to more money should try to live on this pittance. The editor, Lewis Lapham, assigns her the story. This is not good news for Ehrenreich. Having spent her childhood with middle class struggling people, she does not want to live a life of risk or discomfort. Also, shes older and doesnt want to do hard physical labor or live in an inferior building. Therefore, the author makes some rules for herself on this assignment. She wont rely on her superior education or the skills she normally uses to support herself. So she does an experiment to see if she can survive working on low wage to support herself. Major Characters: Barbara Ehrenreich   Author was the main character of the book, conceiving and carrying out the low-wage experiments. Ehrenreich kept her real name while applying for jobs, though she did not reveal her Ph. D. in biology, or her background as a writer. B. J. B. J. was a manager at the first job Ehrenreich took during the experiment, at a restaurant in Key West. George- George was a dishwasher in the Key West Restaurant. An immigrant from Czechoslovakia, George spoke little English and had trouble understanding the problems that were happening in the restaurant around him. He was eventually accused of stealing from the restaurant and fired without understanding the reason. Ted- Is the manager of The Maids, a housekeeping service in Maine that Ehrenreich joins. Ted attempts to get Ehrenreich to tell him about any employees who have been complaining about their jobs. Ehrenreich believes that many of the women working for The Maids are doing so to gain Ted’s approval. Holly- Holly is a maid who works with Ehrenreich in Maine. She discovers she is pregnant during the month Ehrenreich is there, and suffers from dizzy spells and nausea. During one house cleaning she twists her ankle and walks with a limp afterward. Marge- A maid from Maine who suffers from arthritis, Marge is regularly paired with Holly and Ehrenreich for house cleaning assignments. Melissa- An employee of a Wal-Mart in Minneapolis, Melissa works with Ehrenreich sorting clothing. She quits her job when Ehrenreich does, saying that she doesn’t want to work there without her. Howard- Howard is the assistant manager at the Minneapolis Wal-Mart. He conducts regular meetings for all employees in order to discuss emergency scenarios and to warn them not to talk to each other. Setting: This novel takes place in three different locations; the first site chosen for the experiment was Key West, Florida, as it was close to her home. Searching for a job and a place to live, she found a waitress position at a small restaurant, which she calls Jerry’s. The restaurant, like most of the places she works, is not revealed by its true name in her book, nor are the people she meets. Her next city of choice was Portland, Maine. In Maine, there are many weekly motels to choose from, and she finds one that is affordable and comfortable. She chose this location because of its mainly Caucasian demographics. She finds two jobs that she is able to keep at the same time working as a maid for a housekeeping service during the week, and as a dietary aide in a nursing home on the weekends. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, Ehrenreich spends more time looking for a place to live than in the other cities. The vacancy rate in Minneapolis was less than 1%, and Ehrenreich was unable to find an apartment. Hotels renting by the week or month were also hard to come by. Motifs: Author is using imagery where Grace a senior in the nursing home staring at Barbara very accusing and demanding for her cup to be refilled. The author expresses the senior’s stare at Barbara and wanting her cup at this instance. There is a  sense of imagery where you can see the senior very mad and cranky for not having her cup refilled. Vocabulary: Chapter 1 Perpetual Continuing or continued without intermission or interruption. Intrigue To arouse the curiosity or interest of by unusual, new, or otherwise fascinating or compelling qualities. Dithering A state of flustered excitement or fear. Proffer To put before a person for acceptance. Chapter 2 Piteously Evoking or deserving pity. Albinism The state or condition of being an albino. Infiltrate To cause to pass in by filtering. Prophetically Of  the  nature  of  or  containing  prophecy. Pristine Having  its  original  purity. Chapter 3 Disembarking To  leave  an  aircraft  or  other  vehicle. Allopathic the  method  of  treating  disease  by  the  use  of  agents  that  produce effects  different  from  those  of  the  disease  treated. Corridors A  gallery  or  passage  connecting  parts  of  a  building. Denunciation An  accusation  of  crime  before  a  public  prosecutor  or  tribunal. Cadence Rhythmic  flow  of  a  sequence  of  sounds  or  words. Denouncing To  condemn  or  censure  openly  or  publicly. Chapter 4 Hierarchy Any  system  of  persons  or  things  ranked  one  above  another. Toiletries any  article  or  preparation  used  in  cleaning  or  grooming  oneself,  as soap  or  deodorant. Extravagances Excessive  or  unnecessary  expenditure  or  outlay  of  money. Expenditures Something  that  is  expended. Inadequacy something  inadequate.

Questions for Thought Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Questions for Thought - Assignment Example On the other hand, the waterfall method is a sequential design process. Completion of one stage usually leads to the next stage that has different goals. Agile methods allow an individual to make frequent changes to the management process and test the various stages of the project (Nayab 1). Change management is a vital process for IT professionals in many organizations. Every organization undergoes different forms of change. As the world of technology and business is changing it is paramount for organizations particularly the IT departments to conform to these changes. Change management is whereby the organization applies structured processes and tools for leading people during the change to achieve a particular outcome. Organization change management offers a framework upon which organizations can manage the changes in organization structure, new business processes, and cultural changes facing the company. Change management is beneficial particularly when the change requires all employees or people in the organization to learn new behaviors and skills. Organizations should set expectations, use tools to improve communication and reduce misinformation among employees to ensure they adapt to the change. Managing change is paramount for organizations that seek in the cor porate world (Fernandez and Rainey 168). There is a growing contention on whether organizations should develop their software packages of not. Several advantages are cited to support the development of personal software packages. However, before developing build in software packages, the company should assess the benefits of the software in relation to canned software packages. The â€Å"build versus buy† discussion is an important issue facing companies today. If building seems cheaper, it may be the best option rather than buying. Other benefits of building software packages include the ability to

Industrial ergonomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial ergonomics - Essay Example Task analysis applies the use of ergonomic sciences. Ergonomics is the field of science that aims at creating tasks and tools that suit employees in their respective duties at the workplace. Ergonomics looks at the tasks, tools, machines, workplace layouts, and the entire organisation to determine their suitability for employees rather than employees fitting to these aspects of an organisation. Therefore, a clear understanding of task analysis plays a key role in assisting supervisors and managers in identifying ergonomic health hazards and creating solutions to eliminate such hazards. With proper measures in place, risks of cumulative trauma disorders, back pains and costs related to treatment of such disorders can be significantly reduced at workplaces (Deeb, 2004). According to Jonassen (1999), on the other hand, task analysis refers to systematic assessment of how tasks are accomplished. In task analysis, serious attention is given to task duration, task frequency, task complexity, task allocation, work environment, clothing and equipments, and employee fitness. Information obtained from task analysis is helpful in various areas within an organisation, which include designing of tools and equipments, selection and training of employees, designing of procedures, and automation within an organisation. Task analysis courses are available for managers, supervisors and persons working in ergonomic committees. People who undertake this course acquire training on conducting ergonomic task analysis by looking into how employees perform their duties, as well as formulating measures that adapt employees to their work. Different methods of task analysis exist, but for one to decide the most suitable method, a good understanding of the analysis to perform is required. There are five types of task analyses that are available that include job analysis, learning analysis, cognitive task analysis, content analysis, and activity analysis. Different

Discussion topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion topic - Assignment Example There are experiments that require low alpha levels like in cases that may lead to death, maim or serious defects occurring. In such experiments, the researcher wants to avoid a situation whereby the null hypothesis is true and rejected. Therefore, if 0.05 chance of being wrong cannot be tolerated then a much lower level of significance like 0.001 can be used. For example performing a clinical study of a new drug on people, it will mean that a researcher does not want to take chances if adverse drug reactions are noted on an individual. A Higher level of alpha like 0.10 is rare in practice because it increases the chance of making type I error. Higher levels may be used when doing an experiment the researcher is at ease of accepting the null hypothesis (Shi, Levinson, & Whittemore, 2008). For example, when a researcher insists that there is no significant difference between intelligence among male and female nursing student in a nursing

Psychotic Manifestations as Initial Presentation of Glioma

Psychotic Manifestations as Initial Presentation of Glioma Psychotic manifestations as an initial presentation in a Glioma patient: Two Case Reports Review of Literature Abstract Psychotic manifestation as an initial presentation of brain tumor is a rare manifestation of the primary disease. A 32 years old male patient presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion of persecutionand profound agitation. The patient was initially suspected as a case of acute psychosis; however on imaging work up, large central space occupying lesion (SOL) in brain was detected. Following surgical removal of the brain tumor, psychotic manifestations disappeared. The pathology revealed high grade Glioma. Similar presentation was observed in a 28 years female who first visited psychiatry department. Imaging revealed SOL in left parietal lobe. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in these patients have great bearing on the quality of life which has now become a major concern in the management of the brain tumors. Introduction Psychotic manifestations are usually not seen in primary brain tumor patients. The patient usually presents with headache, vertigo, projectile vomiting, focal neurological deficits, and seizures. Anxiety, depression, mania, psychosis, cognitive or personality changes may be present as psychotic manifestations. Patients presenting with psychosis not responding to antipsychotic treatment or having focal neurological deficits and papilloedema should be examined thoroughly to rule out space occupying lesion in brain. The main objective of this article is to highlight this type of patients who can be helped if properly diagnosed. Case Report: 1 A 32 year old male was admitted with 3-month history of auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion of persecution, and loss of recent or remote memories. During the same period patient had also become irritable and with no clouding of consciousness. He complained of headache and vertigo occasionally. Patient having no prior history of psychosis or any narcotic or drugs abuse, or any other medical complaints. Patient received antipsychotic drug for last three days with no response. MRI brain showed moderate hydrocephalus related to foramen of Monero obstruction with mild transependymal CSF seepage. Edema is also seen in the deep right frontal lobe along the ventricular margin. There is compression of the adjacent brain parenchyma. These MRI findings are compatible with central glioma attached to septum pellucidum within the right lateral ventricle, showing extension across the midline with a tomoral component in the body of left lateral ventricle. He had bilateral papillo oedema wit h out focal neurological deficits. On examination, the patient was disoriented to time and place, had poor attention, poor comprehension, recent and remote memory loss. He underwent a craniotomy and resection of tumor. There was resolution of all his psychotic symptoms soon after the operation. Case Report: 2 A 28 years old woman visited to psychiatry department for the complaints of headache, vertigo for last seven months. From last 10 days she complaints of heard sounds that someone whispering in her ears. Since last 3 days she having violent out brust with visual hallucination and develop seizures. She was given benzodiazepine with phenytoin. Response to treatment was poor. MRI brain reveled large SOL in left parietal region, findings are compatible with glioma. After removal of tumor all symptoms subside. Discussion Brain tumours are commonly associated with neurological deficits but rarely psychiatric manifestations may be seen. The cause underlying most patients presenting in this manner are functional causes such as manic-depressive psychosis, schizophrenia and substance or drugs abuse of various types. The degree to which organic causes are responsible for psychiatric manifestations is difficult to determine hence accurate diagnosis in these cases can be a diagnostic challenge. Attempts have been made to categorize brain tumors in accordance with the location of the tumor in the brain . Filley and Kelinschmidt-De Mastersreported that tumors in frontal lobe usually cause abulia, depression or personality change and tumors in the temporolimbic areas, mania, panic attacks, amnesia or auditory and visual hallucinations. [1] Uribedescribe association with schizophrenia-like psychoses to left hemispheric malfunction and affective disorders to right hemispheric malfunction. In areas, such as the in traventricular occipital lobe, corpus callosum only transitory symptoms are produced without localizing signs and tumors can grow considerably. [2] Binderdescribed a series of three cases of patients with no or minimal neurologic signs or symptoms with brain tumors, they all had tumors in silent areas of the brain. [3] Burns and Swerdlowdescribed a case presented with alterations in sexual behavior, poor impulse control, and sociopathy in an orbitofrontal tumor. [4] In some cases, symptoms can respond to antipsychotic treatments, further complicating the diagnosis. Detailed history, brain imaging, information from collateral sources become essential, when brain tumors develop in patients with established psychiatric disorders as psychiatric patients are known to have difficulties in reporting and describing their own symptoms. [5] Cognitive decline occurring during the course of brain tumour progression was reported by Taphoorn et al in his study, main objective of clinical management of brain tumor is to remove the tumor, restore neurologic functions and treatment of psychiatric symptoms. [6] Treatment modalities like surgery/ radiotherapy/ chemotherapy have good result if tumor size is small. A 9 year-old boy on MRI having tumour in the anterior third ventricle associated hydrocephalus and papilledema is presented with psychosis as the initial presentation. [7] Patient remained free of symptoms after resection of the tumor at one-year follow-up. Even more intriguing has been the reported association of posterior fossa structural abnormalities with neuropsychiatric symptoms . It is hypothesized that in these cases disruption of the cerebellar output to mesiodopaminergic areas, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei or deafferentation of the thalamolimbic circuits by cerebellar lesions may lead to these behavioural and psychiatric changes. A 55-year-old woman with a six year history of uncontrollable complex partial seizures and severe delusions is reported to have improved following removal of a right frontal lobe mixed oligoastrocytoma or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour. [8] The anatomic site which control human behavior and emotions are believed to be the circuits of limbic system which interact with the basal ganglia and disturbances in these systems are primarly responsible for manifestations of psychiatric symptoms. [9, 10] In patients hospitalized for psychotic affective disorder abnormalities have been found in left subgenual cingulate. Schizophrenic disorder was observed in patients suffering from agenesis of septum pellucidum . Y et another study has demonstrated lateral and third ventricular enlargement as well as preferential ab circuits of the limbic system and the interactions with the basal ganglia normalities of medial temporal lobe structures including the amygdala, hi ppocampus, and the parahippocampal gyrus and neocortical temporal lobe regions in patients with schizophrenia. The positive correlation between structural brain abnormalities and mental illness has been borne out by several studies. These include ventriculomegaly and smaller temporal lobes, frontal parietal and superior temporal gyrus grey matter. Hippocampal volume reduction has been reported in schizophrenia as well as volume reduction in the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri on the left side in another study on schizophrenics. 1.Filley C M, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Neurobehavioral presentations of brain neoplasms. West J Med. 1995;163:19-25. 2. Uribe VM. Psychiatric symptoms and brain tumor. Am Fam Physician. 1986;34:95-98. 3.Filley C M, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Neurobehavioral presentations of brain neoplasms. West J Med. 1995;163:19-25. 4.Binder RL. Neurologically silent brain tumors in psychiatric hospital admissions: three cases and a review. J Clin Psychiatry. 1983;44:94-97. 5. Madhusoodanan S, Danan D, Brenner R, Bogunovic O. Brain tumor and psychiatric manifestations: a case report and brief review. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2004;16;111-113. 6. Taphoorn MJ, Schiphorst AK, Snoek FJ, et al. Cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with low-grade gliomas: the impact of radiotherapy. Ann Neurol 1994; 36 : 48-54. 7. Carson BS, Weingart JD, Guarnieri M, Fisher PG. Third ventricular choroids plexus papilloma with psychosis. Case report. J Neurosurg 1997 Jul; 87(1): 103-8. 8. Sato T, Takeichi M, Abe M, Tabuchi K, Hara T. Frontal lobe tumour associated with late-onset seizure and psychosis: acase report. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1993 Sept; 47(3):541-4. 9. Feldman RP, Alterman RL, Goodrich JT. Contemporary psychosurgery and a look to the future. J Neurosurg 2001; 95: 944-956. 10. MacLean PD. The limbic system (â€Å"visceral brain†) and emotional behaviour. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1955; 73: 130-134.

Capital Punishment Is A Deterrent To Crime Essay -- Pro-Death Penalty

Capital Punishment has ended the lives of criminals for centuries. People have debated whether the government should have the power to decide one person’s life. On one side, people think the government does not have the right to play God as well as believe that the death penalty is simply unethical. Forty-eight percent of a half sample survey stated that life imprisonment was a better punishment for murder while forty-seven percent stated that capital punishment was a better punishment (Newport). However, capital punishment should be enforced throughout the country to help deter crime, benefit the economy, and ensures retribution. The one thing that people fear the most is death. Nothing deters anyone, including criminals, more than their biggest fear. Most cases show that death is always more feared than life imprisonment (Haag). Additionally, once the murderer has been executed, the sensation he or she gets from committing crimes will become nonexistent. Evidence shows that most of the prisoners who were administered the opportunity to start life over and be emancipated from prison early or managed to escape, in the long run, started killing innocent people eventually. Professor Paul Cassell did a study of one hundred sixty-four Georgia murderers, and of those one hundred sixty-four murderers, eight of them had committed consequential murders in the next seven years of their release (â€Å"Morally Defensible?†). Since 1935, the rate of murder has been steadily decreasing. However, it had escalated immensely after the Supreme Court began to, on a routine basis, make the state death penalty null and void, starting in 1963. With the discontinuation of capital punishment, murders and homicides quickly rose to outland... ...n?url=http://www.credoreference.com/entry/abchri/capital_punishment>. "The Death Penalty: Morally Defensible?" Casey's Critical Thinking. Web. 04 May 2012. . Hennessy-Fiske, Molly. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 04 May 2012. . "Sixty-Nine Percent of Americans Support Death Penalty." Web. 04 May 2012. . "Top 10 Pros and Cons - Death Penalty - ProCon.org." Death Penalty ProCon.org. Web. 04 May 2012. . Tucker, William. "Capital Punishment Works." Weekly Standard. Web. . Capital Punishment Is A Deterrent To Crime Essay -- Pro-Death Penalty Capital Punishment has ended the lives of criminals for centuries. People have debated whether the government should have the power to decide one person’s life. On one side, people think the government does not have the right to play God as well as believe that the death penalty is simply unethical. Forty-eight percent of a half sample survey stated that life imprisonment was a better punishment for murder while forty-seven percent stated that capital punishment was a better punishment (Newport). However, capital punishment should be enforced throughout the country to help deter crime, benefit the economy, and ensures retribution. The one thing that people fear the most is death. Nothing deters anyone, including criminals, more than their biggest fear. Most cases show that death is always more feared than life imprisonment (Haag). Additionally, once the murderer has been executed, the sensation he or she gets from committing crimes will become nonexistent. Evidence shows that most of the prisoners who were administered the opportunity to start life over and be emancipated from prison early or managed to escape, in the long run, started killing innocent people eventually. Professor Paul Cassell did a study of one hundred sixty-four Georgia murderers, and of those one hundred sixty-four murderers, eight of them had committed consequential murders in the next seven years of their release (â€Å"Morally Defensible?†). Since 1935, the rate of murder has been steadily decreasing. However, it had escalated immensely after the Supreme Court began to, on a routine basis, make the state death penalty null and void, starting in 1963. With the discontinuation of capital punishment, murders and homicides quickly rose to outland... ...n?url=http://www.credoreference.com/entry/abchri/capital_punishment>. "The Death Penalty: Morally Defensible?" Casey's Critical Thinking. Web. 04 May 2012. . Hennessy-Fiske, Molly. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 04 May 2012. . "Sixty-Nine Percent of Americans Support Death Penalty." Web. 04 May 2012. . "Top 10 Pros and Cons - Death Penalty - ProCon.org." Death Penalty ProCon.org. Web. 04 May 2012. . Tucker, William. "Capital Punishment Works." Weekly Standard. Web. .

Intro to Religiion

Jake Walton There are many different definitions of religion, but two we are studying about is Paul Tillich’s definition and Melford E. Spiro’s definition. Paul Tillich is a Christian theologian and philosopher who defined religion â€Å"the state of being grasped by an ultimate concern, a concern which qualifies all other concerns as preliminary and which itself contains the answer to the meaning of life.Melford Spiro, a contemporary anthropologist defined religion â€Å"an institution consisting of culturally patterened interaction with culturally postulated superhuman beings. † I prefer Tillich’s definition. I prefer Paul Tillich’s definition because I am a Christian and I can relate to what he is saying with his definition. As a Christian, God is your ultimate concern, just like Tillich said. God comes before everything. He is your only way to heaven. So you have to make him your ultimate concern by living for him every day.Tillich’s def inition went on to say â€Å"a concern that qualifies all other concerns as a preliminary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , this means that God comes before anything else in life. Nothing should ever come before God. Everything else should just be a preliminary, or second to God. The last part of Tillich’s definition says a concern which contains the answer to the question of the meaning of life. This means that God is the meaning of life. I prefer Tillich’s definition because this is what I believe.I believe that God is the answer to what is the meaning of life, he has a purpose for everyone and everyone’s life. God should be your ultimate concern if you want to go to heaven, He is the only way in. You have to live your life through him, and to do that he has to be your greatest concern. If other things get in the way you have to put them off and make them second to God. Never let anything get in the way of you and God. I feel Tillich’s definition of religion is a great d efinition of religion.

20 Critical Essay Topics What You Need to Know about Human Trafficking

20 Critical Essay Topics What You Need to Know about Human Trafficking A great paper needs a great topic. The topic you choose will show your teacher how well you have understood the assignment. Unfortunately, leaving your assignment till the last moment can be disastrous to your grade. This is especially true if you have to come up with a critical essay on a tricky subject such as human trafficking. If you are having a tough time coming up with appropriate critical essay topics about human trafficking, you have come to the right place. The following lines offer a list of 20 topics related to this subject. There is a handy list of references and source materials at the end which you can use as research material. The Cross-Border Challenges of Dealing with Human Trafficking Issues Faced by Law Enforcement During Human Trafficking Investigation Rehabilitating Victims of Human Trafficking: Ethical and Practical Considerations Human Traffickers and Their Methods of Operating Invisible to The Naked Eye: Hidden Forms of Human Trafficking Understanding the Major Indicators of Human Trafficking Human Trafficking as the Modern-Day Slavery Anti-Human Trafficking Campaigns in Cultural Media The Anonymity of the Internet: A Boon for Human Traffickers The Differences between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking The Aftermath of War: Women Enslavement and Trafficking Human Trafficking: Influence of Cultural Factors The Exploitation of Humanity: How Human Trafficking Became a $150 Billion Global Industry A Perspective on Clients: Who Buys From Human Traffickers? Armed Conflict Zones are Breeding Grounds for The Illicit Trade of Human Trafficking Philanthropy Engineering: How Advanced Tech Can Help Victims of Human Trafficking How Anti-Money Laundering Efforts Combat Human Trafficking Comparing International Trafficking and Domestic Trafficking The Ideal Victim: Predictors of Human Trafficking Using Children for in Armed Conflicts Since word count requirements vary across the board, we have tried to keep the topics a little generalized. Feel free to narrow them down according to your interests. Remember to limit the scope of your paper to a particular time period, geographical location, a pivotal case, the efforts of a specific humanitarian/aid agency, a specific piece of legislation, the efforts of a specific political figure, or even a documentary. Since we are here to help, here is a sample paper which you can use as an outline for your critical essay. Sample Critical Essay on Trafficking for Organ Trade and Body Parts: The Emergence of a Disturbing Dimension in Human Trafficking Human trafficking is the worst form of abuse that can be inflicted on an individual. The horror of the crime lies in the fact that is negates very humanity of the victims. This modern-day equivalent of slavery continues unabated; the complex nature of the crime makes detecting and controlling it difficult. The most common cases are ones in which human traffickers sexually exploit their victims or force them into hard labor. The less commonly known forms of human trafficking involves an extreme form of cruelty: where the victims are trafficked for organ trade. According to the UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (GIFT), organ trafficking has three basic categories: (1) the victims are somehow deceived or coerced by force to give up the organ; (2) commercial transaction where the victim is not paid or paid less than the promised amount; (3) when the organs are removed without the victim’s knowledge. A report by the European Parliament (EP) states that organ trafficking and trafficking of human beings for organ removal (TBHOR) has become widespread over the span of the past 16 years. Until recently, most of these cases have occurred in Eastern European countries and Russia. However, the implementation of tougher law enforcement rules has decreased the incidence rates in these countries. Unfortunately, traffickers have simply switched tactics and moved onto other regions, such as Latin America and North Africa. These regions suffer from economic and political instability. Under such conditions, human traffickers find the ideal victim pool, i.e. people who are already a part of at-risk sections of society, such as migrant workers, those living below the poverty line, members of highly marginalized groups, homeless people, and illiterate people. The entire process involves a host of people as well as high levels of coordination and organization: the medical professionals who are responsible for the procedure, the middlemen, the buyers, the organ banks where the organs are stored, and transporters who are responsible for the logistics. The recommendations of legislating bodies and humanitarian agencies state that this issue can only be addressed through proper legislation covering all the aspects of the crime and proper implementation of these laws. National laws of each country should have an anti-trafficking policy. An increase in public awareness of organ donation will drive up donation rates, hopefully closing some of the gap between the number of organs needed for transplantation and available organs. EP also recommends that the donor recipient should be held criminally and morally liable. The technical recommendations include improvement of organ traceability systems. Human trafficking is a reality that the public in general needs to realize and react to. More awareness, education, and stronger legal frameworks will allow vulnerable victims to escape the horrors of this experience. This is just a sample that can inspire you to come up with a great critical essay that will win over your instructor. So, make sure that you start working on your paper right away. References: Vienna Forum to Fight Human Trafficking, Technology and Human Trafficking 8 (Background Paper, 2008), https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2008/BP017TechnologyandHumanTrafficking.pdf Trafficking in Persons for the Purpose of Organ Removal (ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT,2015), European Union, European Parliament. (2015). Trafficking in human organs. Retrieved from europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/549055/EXPO_STU(2015)549055_EN.pdf Lehti, M. (2003), Trafficking in women and children in Europe, in HEUNI papers, no. 18, Helsinki: HEUNI. Banks, D., and Kyckelhahn, T. (2011). Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents: 2008–2010. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Washington, D.C.: Office of Justice Programs International Organization for Migration. (2012). IOM 2011 Case Data on Human Trafficking: Global Figures Trends. Washington: Humantrafficking.org. Polaris Project. (2014). â€Å"The Victims.† Retrieved January 28, 2014, from Polaris Project: For a World without Slavery, polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/ overview/the-victims. Bales, K., and Trodd, Z. (2009). Modern Slavery: The Secret World of 27 Million People. Oxford: Oneworld. Palmiotto, M. Combating human trafficking (pp. 30-32).

Dollar Decline essays

Dollar Decline essays The current official US view of the dollar is that its decline has been orderly, constructive, and not worrisome. This view has allowed the dollar to depreciate against other major currencies in the world has various implications for the US national economy as well as the international economy which can be analyzed from a liberal and mercantilist perspective. The idea of a weak dollar needs to be clarified at first. A weak dollar is basically worth less relative to other currencies around the global market. Hence, a weak international dollar compared to other currencies say the pound means that English goods will cost more to purchase in the United States and it will harm English exports to us. By the same token, if the US dollar is weak, compared to the pound, then the English will find that American goods are cheaper for the English citizens to buy, and American exports will benefit. Mercantilism believe in the need to protect their security and independence as they assume that the nation-state is the primary actor in this anarchic international system where relative gains matter since power is a zero-sum game and human nature is riddled with conflict. These assumptions allow the mercantilist to support the idea of a weak dollar as it helps countries create wealth and power in order to preserve and protect their national security and independence. Mercantilism pursues this idea of a devalued or weak currency via a Beggar Thy Neighbor Policy as it has beneficial implications for increasing a countries relative without increased interdependence onto other countries in the global markets. Beggar Thy Neighbor is a policy where by a country artificially deflates its exchange rate by keeping its real interest rate low and it does not do anything to raise the strength of devalued currency. This devalued/weak currency has various positive implications from the mercantil ist view point. Mercantilist indicate that a devalued currency wi...

Exclusive Styles Ladies Boutique Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exclusive Styles Ladies Boutique - Term Paper Example SWOT analysis (alternately SLOT analysis) refers to a method of strategic planning for the evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses/Limitations, Opportunities, and Threats that are present in a business venture or a project (Humphrey, Albert, 2005). The SWOT analysis for the Exclusive Style Boutique is as follows: Strengths The boutique will have ‘hit-the-trend’ style clothes which will be a big attraction and will present wide variety to the trendy and contemporary style women. The clothes will be affordable and easily accessible to the women across the globe. The clothe range will be diverse with various choices and different fabrics in the product line. Moreover, additional services like salon, cafe and lounges will be available which will successfully position the boutique in the minds of consumers and will build its brand image. Weaknesses Some of the weaknesses that the boutique may face might include the difficulty to manage the product lines, big staff and the store s pace. It may incur high management costs and difficulties in the management of customer services. The growing popularity of the store would require the management to maintain the presentation of its interior and manage the uniqueness of product, style, and fabric. Opportunities The external environment of Exclusive Styles would provide it good opportunities to avail. For instance, it has been a trend that the young population spends more; therefore, the major target population will be young ladies or the working class who prefer to look and wear well every day. In order to create brand attachment and fame, the store will have a good opportunity to get the brands advertised and endorsed through celebrities. Furthermore, the option of choice,... Regarding the tough market competition, the owner of a small boutique mentioned various designers that have already captured the market and have maintained their own customer bases. They have already positioned them so much in the minds of the customers that it becomes difficult for a new business venture in the same industry to deal with the cutthroat rivalry. Besides all other factors, the market conditions, according to her, present an uncertain climate. There is the recession, variations in exchange rates, laws and regulations of trading, higher expenditures, persistently growing inflation and many other factors which may hinder the progress of a business. Not only may this, but a new business struggling to expand and diversify become difficult to be managed and controlled in terms of its scope and human resource base. Thus, the general opinion given by the boutique’s owner stated that the new business ventures in the industry need to be more competitive and challenging in order to cope up with the existing and the upcoming market conditions. After interviewing the owner, one of the employees from the same boutique was enquired about the work management and the viewpoints. According to her, the customers exhibit a good behavior when they are treated with concentration and are given extra services. For a new business venture to be successful, especially a boutique, it is essential that the employees are kept satisfied with good quality products, better after sale services.

Discuss with me after reviewing the attachments Research Paper

Discuss with me after reviewing the attachments - Research Paper Example Introduction: Syria is part of that region that has seen a revolution of its kind which has engulfed the entire region and has taken every area by storm. This revolution has come in form of Arab Spring. Starting off with self immolation of an individual and a twenty six year old citizen of Tunis, it has never looked back since then and now the revolution has its eyes on Yemen, Bahrain. The most recent causality of this revolution is Syria. It all started in Syria in early 2011(Mackinnon, 64). While other revolutions have settled with time, the Syrian revolution is taking time and is turning out to be the deadliest and bloodiest of all since massive destruction and calamity is on show. United Nations and its stance on governmental actions: United Nations which came into existence right after Second World War has clearly underlined the concepts and instructions pertinent to the governmental approach and actions in different countries. Under these instructions no outsider force has the right to dictate any terms, nor help any party in the conflict. There by United States of America Stands unjust in supporting the rebels in Syria. United Nations stresses for peaceful resolution of disputes and allows the citizens to make decisions rather than outside forces. United Nations has passed number of resolutions in this regard seeking a peaceful end to the violent days in Syria and transfer of power to the people’s elected. Demographic stats: The country lies on the shores of Mediterranean Sea along the borders of Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq. This gives it a strategic importance based on its locality and other vital stats. While the Middle East region is sought after for its natural resources and other areas of strategic importance, in such case Syria stands as area of high importance. The country has a population of around twenty million, with majority of the population being Muslims who are further divided into Shiite, Kurds, Armenians and Sunni factions. However th e bulk of population is Sunni (Ma?oz, Winkler and Ginat). Present status of Syrian rebels group: The rebels have gained ground in recent times, with massive causalities suffered by the government, its machinery limited to central parts of the country only, rebels over taking parts of the country and Bashar Al Asad’s government standing on its last feet. The rebels constitute the people who took to the streets against the government, the ousted army personnel who refused to follow orders of the Baath party aimed at crushing the uprising of the masses even if it required killing them and using other coercive means. Rebels groups are further strengthened by the opposition parties who have joined hands against the Baath party and have decided to give the death blow to the Baath party through collective efforts. Their resolve is further strengthened by the foreign aid provided by United States of America and other allies, which in other means has made the war more deadly and sinis ter. Other units in the rebel bench include political activists who are seeking a free political atmosphere in the country which it has rarely seen in last fifty years. Form of Government: The government is presidential in its outlook, however the president enjoys supreme powers and the power is confined to a single family which makes it more of dynastic government than true democracy. A single party government is in place called the