Introducing 250 Word Essay Samples

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The Importance Of A Substance Abuse Treatment Group Essay

The purpose of proposing a substance abuse treatment group was to break the barriers that mother-child relationships may face in result to maternal addiction and substance-abuse. Treatment that is geared for maternal addicted mothers can help them recover quickly and protect their infant children from the dangers of drugs and health consequences. The program will be gender specific, distinctively for substance-dependent women who are mothers. The group will conduct its work by following through a four step recovery process with professionals who will help facilitate the treatment. There will be Licensed Clinical Social Workers, welfare social workers, treatment clinicians, counselors, addiction treatment nurses, and lead administers and staff. Literate Review In a Pediatric Nursing Journal (2014), researchers cited that â€Å"In the United States approximately 225,000 infants yearly are exposed to illicit substances†. More than 75% of those neonates suffer from a major medical problem compared to 27% neonates who are not exposed. A significant number of infants are prematurely born compared to infants who were not exposed to drugs. Although personal relationships, health, and developmental issues are costly, financial costs are highly common due to the extended stay of the drug-exposed infant who may have neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Prenatal NAS is one type of NAS that is due to prenatal maternal drug abuse. Infants who may have Prenatal NAS show withdrawal symptomsShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse in Older Population1556 Words   |  6 Pagesof defense in helping the elderly who are struggling with substance abuse is assisting them in recognizing there is a problem and correctly screening for substance abuse (Han et al., 2009). This primary role of the physician is essential to the treatment of the older patient’s medical needs. The medical community plays an important role in the lives of older people. Physicians prescribe the medications which a person might possibly abuse. It is the responsibility of the physician to identify andRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesApproximately eighty percent of the inmates in correctional facilities have problems related to substance abuse. The number of male inmates has increased considerably in the recent years mainly due to a high number arrests and prosecutions that are drug related. Many correctional facilities offer educational and treatment interventions to help them. However, significant gaps remain.The Justice’s Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program in the U.S tracks prevalence trends and the type of drugs used in differentRead MorePrison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Paper1641 Words   |  7 Pageshas identified that prison based substance abuse treatment for offenders differs greatly for males and females. Female offenders tend to have numerous triggers for their substance abuse with the research showing female offenders being significantly disadvantaged compared with male offenders when entering treatment programs (Messina, Grella, Cartier, Torres, 2010). The following essay will summarise research conducted on the topic of substance abuse treatments for incarcerated females, lookingRead MoreFactors That Can Be Addressed As An Addiction Counselor854 Words   |  4 Pagesrisk, than a mental health disorder. Suicidality has shown through research that those who commit suicide have substance abuse or co-occurring disorders which can be diagnosed early. Most common among clients is serious depression (U.S. Public Health Service 1999), brought on by substance abuse or aggravated by suicidal ideations or intentions of suicide, (Center for Substance Abuse Treat ment, 2005, Chapter8 p. 214). This is why it’s important that counselors screen clients, especially those with co-occurringRead MoreOn Site Visit to Human Services1110 Words   |  5 Pagesthose experiencing acute emotional disturbances. Treatment may consist of medication, as well as individual and group counseling. Detoxification services consist of inpatient and outpatient detoxification treatment for alcohol and drugs. Referral for longer term residential treatment is provided where needed. Adolescent Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Services The Centers’ Adolescent Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facility is a patient- centered, holistic modelRead MoreUnderstanding And Abolishing Spiritual Stereotypes967 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding and Abolishing Spiritual Stereotypes Substance abuse providers that believe spirituality and religion is one in the same, may hold the belief that an individual that is an atheist or agnostic will not have the opportunity to acquire spiritual opportunities when participating in alcohol and addiction programs (Sussman et al., 2013). In addition, these substance abuse providers may believe that when an individual that eliminates alcohol and drug abuse without the intervention of spiritual assistanceRead MoreThe Importance Of Building A Rapport And Earning Trust Is Essential For Retaining The African American Population1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdo not seek treatment for psychiatric-mental health disorders, including AOD disorders, and when they do seek treatment it is often with primary care providers† (Boyd, Berger, Baliko, Tavakoli, 2009, p.383). This paper will provide information regarding the signs and symptoms of addiction and the barriers to treatment for the African-American population. The importance of building a rapport and earning trust is essential for retaining the African-American population in treatment. Scope of ProblemRead MoreHow Aftercare Treatment Is A Vital Part Of Alcohol And Substance Abuse1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe focus of the article is to prove how aftercare treatment is a vital part of alcohol and substance abuse user’s recovery. As seen from research, the more twelve-steps meetings addicts’ attend, the more likely he or she are to continue with long term sobriety. For example, the study looked at members who attended less then weekly meetings and those who attended more frequent meetings. The article as well examined the program effectiveness. Was there in fact other variables that may have contributedRead MoreBecoming A Licensed Clinical Social Worker And Provide Therapeutic Services At The Emerging Market Of Farr Certified Recovery Residences1381 Words   |  6 Pages My current career objective is to work in the field of addictions and I hope to work directly with individuals seeking substance abuse treatment. Although it has recently been announ ced that addiction is a brain disorder rather than a behavioral issue, there is still argument that drug use is a choice and not a disease. I want to contribute to the substance abuse population because I feel the stigma that surrounds recovering addicts does not accurately portray the strength and positivity that comesRead MoreSubstance Abuse Prevention At The United States778 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is about two substance abuse preventing program in the United States. Team Awareness is a preventing program that deals with behavioral risk that is associate with substance abuse among employees and their families. The purpose of this preventing program is to help individuals with social health and communication to improve the attitude towards alcohol. The program is about six to eight months to help employees and prepare them for the program. According to NREPP â€Å"Team

Censorship and Selection Essay - 1595 Words

Introduction Censorship is a dirty word to information professionals. Attempts by individuals or groups to restrict the public from reading, hearing or viewing certain materials due to their content, is enough to send librarians and organizations such as the American Library Association, to the proverbial battle field. However, information professionals from all fields have to make choices about what to include and what not to include in their particular librarys collection. How are these selections made? What causes one item to be selected instead of another? The distinction between censorship and selection is infinitesimal, dependent mainly upon the role of the individuals involved. As an information professional, who inherently is†¦show more content†¦22). One form of silent censorship occurs out of fear of challenges (Kampen Spino, 2007, p. 223). Allen (2007) notes the difficult balance an information professional must make when making selection decisions. Information p rofessionals working in a school must contend with fear of reprisals from those within the school system. (p. 5). Author Norma Fox Mazer (1997) relates how a principal of a school allowed the fear of possible reprisals from the community to cancel Mazers scheduled visit which had been arranged for nearly a year. As well as another incident where Mazer and another author were scheduled to visit a school, but were asked to not discuss a particular book. (p. 46-48). Another form of silent censorship occurs when the information professional decides for personal reasons or â€Å"perceived community standards† ( Kampen Spino, 2007, p. 223) to not select an item. Staples (1996) discusses how some books disappear (para. 6) from library shelves, either due to a parent who does not want to go through the process of a challenge, or a librarian who fears for their job. Information professionals have to be ever more selective about what they purchase for their collections due to ever de creasing budgets. Publishers and authors, cognizant of possible issues with certain topics and words, are also much more careful about what they accept for publication and what they write about. (paras.Show MoreRelatedCensorship and Material Selection Policies Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesobjectionable by the standards applied by a censor. It has been like this for ages. As long as someone has something to tell, another will be there to try and prevent them. Schools have been doing this for quite a while now and there is a need to stop it. Censorship of books in schools should not be allowed as many students will never get to experience classic literature if not exposed to it early on. Intellectual Freedom is the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all pointsRead MoreThe Right to Privacy and Government Surveillance1097 Words   |  4 Pagesseeing the rise of an increasing urge to censor. Censorship consists of the examination of speech or other public communication in order to suppress in whole or part those that may be considered objectionable, harmful, incorrect or inconvenient. It is not the same as selection, which is choosing something in preference to another or others. Selection is a choice, in contrast to censorship which means suppression. There are three main reasons of censorship. The first one is obscenity, it is any act whichRead More Censorship in Public Schools Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Kings Carrie and Patrick Manns Dog Day Afternoon (Jones 33). -An Indiana school board takes action that leads to the burning of many copies of a textbook that deals with drugs and the sexual behavior of teenagers (Berger 61). These cases of censorship in public schools are not unusual and there is evidence that such challenges are increasing (Woods 2). These challenges are actually typical of the ones being leveled against school libraries today. These challenges can come from one person or aRead MoreKey Elements Of Collection Development Policy1100 Words   |  5 Pagesguideline for libraries in acquisition and maintenance collections. According to Johnson (2009 cited in Gregory 2014, p.33), the libraries need a master plan to develop their collections. The absence of planning document leads into misleading for selection, deselection and decision making. As a result, the libraries may lose many opportunities in developing collections. In fact, a masterplan of collection development is required by libraries to achieve libraries’ goals in the collection developmentRead MoreEssay about Censorship in America1048 Words   |  5 Pages Censorship in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since this country was founded, we have had a set of unalienable rights that our constitution guarantees us to as Americans. One of the most important rights that is mentioned in our constitution is the right to free speech. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and toRead MoreCensorship of Media1064 Words   |  5 PagesSurprises of Censorship In today’s world of technology and high finance children learn and do different activities. Video games, television shows, and the internet all have effect on our society. These items take away from moral values, and it also undermines the instruction parents give to their children. We need a healthier world with fewer restrictions, and if negative commodities are prohibiting children from recreational play parents should be the regulators in what content their childrenRead MoreEssay about Censorship943 Words   |  4 Pages Censorship The freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit quot;controversialquot; books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books and periodicalsRead MoreThe Effect of Shared Culture of Journalists on the Selection and Presentation of News737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effect of Shared Culture of Journalists on the Selection and Presentation of News News is formed through a selective process which is controlled by media professionals such as journalists correspondents and editors. Agenda setting, a theory created by Stephen Lukes, sees how journalistrs select news that is projected through the media. Agenda setting also sees bias in the media, which is most commenly dominated in the political broadcasts. The Glasgowuniversity mediaRead More Censorship Should NOT be Placed on Books Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship Should NOT be Placed on Books   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Censorship... a system under which official censors must give permission before communications of a specified type can lawfully be made (Wilgoren, 1). Recently censorship has become a major problem in our society. Censorship should not be banned on books. People should not be told they cannot read a book. Unfortunately history has shown that words can be used for ill as well as for good, to destroy lives as well as to enhance them? (SteffensRead MoreEssay on Music Censorship880 Words   |  4 PagesMusic Censorship The tall, lanky fifteen-year-old ambled slowly up to the counter and tossed his music selection toward the clerk. The salesman began to ring the sale up in his routine manner, but just then something caught his eye. It was a small black sticker on the corner of the CD. This sticker plainly read explicit lyrics. As the teenager fumbled through his pockets searching for a method of payment, the clerk gave him a questioning glance. Could I see some identification please

Reflection Essay - 1019 Words

Growing up, I always had a difficult time controlling my temper. I would experience erratic mood swings that escalated beyond what seemed appropriate, and I would handle stressful situations unfittingly. Throughout most of my teen years, I overlooked and dismissed the severity of my emotional troubles. It took three years to be thoroughly diagnosed with Bipolar â… ¡ Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. During those three years, I learned a lot about who I am, who I was to become, and the difficulties associated with the disorders I face. Through the course of my childhood years, I recall becoming unusually angry or anxious at simple, harmless occurrences. I felt closed off, trapped, and stuck in my own head as the environment around me†¦show more content†¦I stopped taking sports as seriously as I did, and I ended up losing college offers for softball. The next summer, I quit the sport entirely. I stopped doing many things that grabbed my attention. I felt as if nothin g mattered, and I truly did not care for anything. In October during my Junior year, I experienced a very extreme episode at the World Series Parade. It was very crowded, which consequently increased my anxiety levels. I then became angry and unstable. After a few minutes of random outbursts, my brother started influencing negative behavior and emotions, which caused me to impulsively punch him in the face. Shortly after this happened, I went home, still in an episode. I punched at my walls and kicked through the rails on the stairs in my house. No matter how hard I tried to calm myself down and control my actions, I could not. That night, I was taken to Marillac- a mental health treatment facility, and remained there for three days, receiving coping mechanisms and therapy. When I was discharged, I had to see many therapists and take many medications. Life after Marillac seemed to get better in result of therapy and medicine helping me deal with my disorders. A year passed, and I decided I was healthy enough to cold-turkey all of my medications and stop seeing my therapists. Everything was fine for a few months, until my mood swings came back. This time, I experienced more of the depression than I did anger and anxiety. IShow MoreRelatedReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Essay The aim of this essay is to reflect on an incident, which took place in a hospital setting during the first month of my Foundation Degree Assistant Practitioner course. It will explore the importance of communication amongst the health care professionals and how a good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments neededRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time som e course assignments, I will embrace,Read MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:       Read MoreWriters Reflection Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Writing Reflection. English has always been one of my favorite subjects along with writing. At a young age I remember always writing childish stories, and comic books. In second grade I even won a writers competition. Writing has always been a part of my life. I keep a journal to write important events happening in my life and I like to write poems as well. However, during my high school years writing essays became more complex. For some reason I couldn’t seem to fullyRead More Mirror: Reflections of Truth Essay508 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Mirror†: Reflections of Truth In Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Mirror†, the reader takes a look into the messages presented and compares them with the reflections that are cast in a mirror and images in a lake. When reading this poem, we discover that the speaker is the actual reflection that gives the interpretation of its views. The first interpretation is shown as a mirror on the wall â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.† (1), second as the water in the lake because she states â€Å"Now IRead MoreReflection Within Professional Development: The Gibbs Model Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Within Professional Development In this essay I intend to reflect upon a clinical skill, which I have learned and become competent in practicing. I will apply the Gibbs model to the chosen skill throughout the essay to allow for critical thought. Gibbs model includes the areas of description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. (Gibbs, 1988) The term â€Å"reflection† directly refers to one’s own ability for serious thought or consideration regarding eventsRead MoreFamily Reflection Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the last sixteen weeks from going through this class I have learned a lot. I have learned that different there are many ways to write a paper or essay. There are many ways that the format of a paper as well. But between the two essays I have chosen are from week seven which was on hunting and why it wasn’t a cruel sport in my thoughts. My other essay I have chose was from week nine, that was about on holding a family together and what makes a family a whole. Hunting topic in my thoughts whereRead MorePersonal Essay : Course Reflection992 Words   |  4 PagesCourse Reflection When my advisor asked me if I wanted to take summer school the first thing I said was, â€Å"Yeah, I want to take English 101.† The only problem was that it started at 8AM and I usually worked the night before, but I thought I could handle it. I enjoy writing. I actually write in my free time sometimes, so I thought English would be no problem. For me, writing is either extremely easy or extremely hard. It’s easy for me when I don’t have restrictions from what I can write about. I canRead MoreA Writers Reflection Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagespositively on my introductions. This was greatly pleasing, for I have always thought them to be my weakest point. In the majority of my writing, the introductions were a result of extensive revisions. For example, the introduction of my Argumentative Essay was partially written in class, but I was not completely satisfied with it. To improve the introduction, I added several things, such as the example of the McDonaldâ⠂¬â„¢s commercial. In truth, I believe that these introductions are overanalyzed, whereRead MoreWriting Reflection Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesWriting a decent essay is as tedious, nerve racking, and strenuous as constructing a layer cake from scratch. First you have to decide that you are going to tackle this feat, and that can be your biggest challenge, motivation. Then you have, you must figure out what kind of cake batter you want to use. Collect all the ingredients to mesh together well, making each layer at a time. You throw all the layers together hoping that somehow they will come together to form a nifty design. But, they don’t

Analysis Of Safeway Inc. K And Financial Ratios - 2723 Words

ACC 381 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - LENDECKY Analysis of Safeway Inc. 10-K and Financial Ratios with comparison to Whole Foods Inc. Jonathan Roberts 8/12/2014 Safeway 2013 10-K: http://goo.gl/5k6mBo Safeway 2012 10-K: http://goo.gl/cuhIQt Safeway 2011 10-K: http://goo.gl/c0UGei Whole Foods 2013 10-K: http://goo.gl/QVdb9d Whole Foods 2012 10-K: http://goo.gl/0eZLST Whole Foods 2011 10-K: http://goo.gl/bTTo4n Section I – Summary of Safeway and Grocery Industry at large Safeway Inc. produces and sells grocery and home goods throughout the United States and, until recently, Canada. Safeway endeavors to be a full service, neighborhood grocery and operates stores in the Safeway, Randall’s, and Tom Thumb chains, among others. The company also produces its own store brands, operates coffee shops, specialty departments, a prepaid gift card company, and retail fuel services. Safeway also carries out the warehousing and distribution activities necessary to support their core business. The grocery industry is known for slim margins and intense competition. Individual stores balance on the razor’s edge because small changes in sales have large effects on the balance sheet. â€Å"Green† grocers, typified by Whole Foods, appear to escape some of this intense competition. The following analysis will compare Safeway, a more typical grocer, to Whole Foods, arguably the originator of the boutique green grocery store. Analysis of Safewayâ€℠¢s 10-Ks reveals a company attempting to reinventShow MoreRelatedGreat aP Essay2288 Words   |  10 Pagesits key competitors: Albertson’s, Inc., the Kroger Co., Safeway, Inc. and Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. Additionally, AP considers Wal-Mart to be a rising competitor. c) Suggest two weaknesses/risks of AP’s current business model. AP’s current model is dependent on high volume and rapid inventory turnover in order to combat the low profit margins in the highly competitive market. Due to this situation, AP is constantly on the edge of financial distress if high sales volume is notRead Moredavid berman5827 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿ 9 - 6 0 5 - 0 8 1 R E V : O C T O B E R 2 5 , 2 0 0 6 A N A N T H R A M A N V I S H A L G A U R S A R A V A N A N K E S A V A N David Berman â€Å"Inventory - Oh, so sweet – It’s what it’s all about!† David Berman, founder and general partner, Durban Capital L.P., explaining his investment strategy in retail stocks April 11th, 2005 David Berman reviewed the macroeconomic numbers on inventory turns as he prepared for his regular appearance on CNBC’s â€Å"SquawkRead MoreLoblaws Case Study Essay3205 Words   |  13 PagesNicosia 500198044 TABLE OF CONTENTS Strategic Recommendations 3 Appendix A: Industrial Analysis 6 B: PEST Analysis 6 C: Key Driving Forces 7 D: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 7 E: Strategic Group Map 7 F: Key Strategic Factors 8 G: Competitor Analysis 8 H: Attractiveness of Industry 8 I: Mission and Vision Statement 8 J: Value Chain 9 K: Financial Analysis 9 L: SWOT Analysis 10 M: Issues 10 N: Rationale for Issues 10 O: Execution Strategies 10 Strategic RecommendationsRead MoreGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters Valuation Essay6315 Words   |  26 PagesResponsibility Industry Environment GMCR’s Competitive Advantage Quality, Convenience, and Choice GMCR’s Growth Prospects National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Approval Starbucks/Tazo Tea Strategic Partnership Snapple Partnership SWOT Analysis Strengths Beverage Choice Options Sustainability Image Keurig Business Unit Weaknesses Single Supplier for Keurig Machines Single Order Processing Partnership SEC Investigation Opportunities Collaborations InternationalRead MoreEssay on The Kroger Company4443 Words   |  18 PagesDirectors are 18 Division Managers who are responsible for the management and performance of their divisions and 18 Executive Officers. The Board of Directors is also broken down into five committees; audit, compensation, corporate governance, financial policy and public responsibility. Corporate Culture Kroger is committed to their customers. The company is dedicated to build customer loyalty and has been very successful at building a loyal customer base. Kroger is true to its value of diversityRead MoreStrategic HR Management Case Study: HR Planning and Strategic Change for Wal-Mart6492 Words   |  26 Pagesand Financial Summary VII. Recommendations VIII. Conclusion IX. References I. Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to examine the Human Resources Planning and Strategic Change for Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer. In this context, the authors analyze the employee selection, training and development of the company as well as studying the performance compensation management, strategy evolution and financial status of the firm. A SWOT Analysis is alsoRead More A Strategic Analysis of Walgreens and the Retail Drugstore Industry 17582 Words   |  71 PagesIntroduction Knowing the importance of a strategic vision, every company undertakes a complete analysis periodically. In order to create a strategic plan the parties involved must know every aspect of the industry and the company at hand. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the retail drugstore industry and then focus on Walgreens, the industry leader in terms of sales. As part of the in-depth analysis of Walgreens, its major competitors will also be described and analyzed. The retailRead MoreTesco Strategy Report Essay7369 Words   |  30 Pagesits stores. Although the company had not reported specific financials for the eventure, it reportedly lost  £11.2 million in fiscal 2000. Despite this setback, the company had announced that it would extend its network of e-enabled stores to another 300 locations, covering 90% of the U.K. population shortly.1 In anticipation of this growth burst, it planned to create 7,000 new jobs. 1 Tesco outlines ambitions to expand online, Financial Times, May 26, 2000. 2 A07-01-0011 It even started itsRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesprice too far? The acquisition of Howard Smith Ltd by Wesfarmers Ltd 3.4 Financial analysis 27 27 31 33 35 vii viii CONTENTS 3.5 3.6 Assessment of the transaction Conclusion 38 40 4 An Essay on the History of a Merger: The Case of the National Bank of Canada Raymond Thà ©oret and Franà §ois-Éric Racicot 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Introduction The structures of the two merged banks The new merged bank A low P/E ratio for the stock of national bank Conclusion 42 42 43 50 53 54 5 Read MoreStrategic Planning of Marks and Spencers6054 Words   |  25 Pagesprofit losing activities and also to keep an effective balance sheet calling these three sectors their fundamental strengths (MS Annual Report, 2009). External Environment of MS External analysis involves an examination of the relevant elements external to an organisation. One output of external analysis is an identification and understanding of opportunities and threats, both present and potential, facing the organisation. Another output is the identification of strategic uncertainties regarding

Mass Media Analysis Essay Example For Students

Mass Media Analysis Essay ***Uses and Gratifications Theory History Early in communication research, an approach was developed to study the gratifications that attract and hold audiences to the kinds of media and the types of content that satisfy their social and psychological needs. Researchers Jay G. Blumer and Elihu Katz introduced the Uses and Gratification Theory not asking the question of What do media do to people? rather asking, â€Å"What do people do with media? The Uses and Gratification Theory A theory of Mass Communication that places the needs, motives and gratifications of media users in the center of interest and sees media users playing an active role in the media consumption process. It presents the use of media in terms of gratification of social and psychological needs of an individual. Categories of the Uses and Gratification Theory * Cognitive needs People use media for acquiring knowledge, information and understanding. The audience gains understanding of the world around by consuming media text. * Personal Integrative needs People use media to treasure their status, gain credibility and stabilize social condition. Often people identify a part of themselves in media characters or in presented circumstances. There must be value reinforcement or reassurance; self-understanding and reality exploration. * Social Integrative needs People create personal relationship with the characters in the media. It encompasses the need to socialize with other individuals. * Tension release needs Media allows the user to relieve the tension by offering an escape to reality and creating a break from daily routines and problems. Entertainment Consumed purely for entertainment purposes, there are no other gratifications. Assumptions Uses and gratifications theory attempts to explain the uses and functions of the media for individuals, groups, and society in general. There are three objectives in developing uses and gratifications theory: 1) To explain how individuals use mass communication to gratify their needs. â€Å"What do people do with the media†. 2) To discover underlying motives for individuals’ media use. 3) To identify the positive and the negative consequences of individual media use. At the core of uses and gratifications theory lies the assumption that audience members actively seek out the mass media to satisfy individual needs. Criticisms James Lull (2002) criticized the main assumption that people seek out media to satisfy a personal need, especially to entertain themselves. Lull suggested that audiences don’t always accept the content of the media and that not all media are meant to prove gratification or satisfy the need for entertainment. Audiences don’t always benefit from the use of the media and don’t take on in media assumption willingly and independently. Ien Ang criticized that the theory only tends to focus on individual needs and disregarding social content. ***Spiral of Silence Imagine you and some other people are sitting around at dinner talking about a movie you had just seen. You dont know these people all that well so youve just been listening to the conversation. You loved the movie, but they all keep talking about how much they hated it. You cant understand why, but dont want to express your views in front of all of them. Later you start talking to one of the other people at dinner and learn that they too liked the movie. History and Orientation Neumann (1974) introduced the â€Å"spiral of silence† as an attempt to explain in part how public opinion is formed. She wondered why the Germans supported wrong political positions that led to national defeat, humiliation and ruin in the 1930s-1940s. Core Assumptions and Statements The phrase spiral of silence actually refers to how people tend to remain silent when they feel that their views are in the minority. The model is based on three premises: 1) People have a quasi-statistical organ, a sixth-sense if you will, which allows them to know the prevailing public opinion, even without access to polls 2) People have a fear of isolation and know what behaviors will increase their likelihood of being socially isolated, and 3) People are reticent to express their minority views, primarily out of fear of being isolated. The closer a person believes the opinion held is similar to the prevailing public opinion, the more they are willing to openly disclose that opinion in public. Then, if public sentiment changes, the person will recognize that the opinion is less in favor and will be less willing to express that opinion publicly. As the perceived distance between public opinion and a persons personal opinion grows, the more unlikely the person is to express their opinion. Conceptual Model Scope and Application It is related to the mass media, in such a way that mass media influences public opinion. Shifts in public opinion occur commonly and therefore this theory is used to search an explanation for behavior (speak up or stay silent). The theory has also been criticized for ambiguity and methodological weakness, but the idea has persisted. Evidence of the spiral effect is usually small but significant. Example * The 1991 Gulf War the U. S. support for the war was measured. Either it is a consensus view or did media coverage contribute to a spiral of silence that dampened opposition to the war? In a survey that asked about people’s opinions, respondents were clearly less supportive of the war than the popular support depicted by the media. Those who watched television and perceived that the public supported the war, were more likely to support the war themselves. This study supports the spiral of silence and suggests that people are swayed by bandwagon effects rather than fearing social isolation. * Adolf Hitler is known for his skillful speeches, but his propaganda also helped the party get a large amount of support from the citizens. There is a clip of footage of an example of the Nazi propaganda from 1939, which shows German military maneuvers of tanks, troops, and combat planes. It suggests that the Nazi party is superior to other countries and displays their great source of power. It says that their combat planes can even fly under bad weather conditions. It also describes that people are watching the sky with some fear, but at the same time they are smiling for hope and faith. The film is made with brave music and emphasizes the Nazi’s military strength. Also, it shows German tanks moving in to attack the Soviet Union. Nazis used not only films, but also other media such as newspapers, radio and magazines. The magazine â€Å"Signal† was a magazine which was published by the Nazi party from 1940 to 1945. It published about 2,500, 000 copies and was about German’s with a modern blend of articles and pictures about stories from the battlefield. cloning and stem cell research EssayWells’ â€Å"War of the Worlds† on October 30, 1938. On Halloween Eve, radio programming was interrupted with a news bulletin and the listeners heard that Martians had begun an invasion in Grover’s Mill, New Jersey. About one million of the 12 million who heard it actually believed that a Martian invasion was at hand. Hysteria filled the streets, interrupting religious services, causing traffic jams, and clogging communication systems. People stormed groceries and started panic buying. This broadcast was the best example of how the theory worked. It showed how the media can manipulate a gullible and passive public. ***Interdependence Theory Interdependence implies that mass media and society are continually interacting and influencing each other. The media respond to the demand from society for information and entertainment and, at the same time, stimulate innovation and contribute to a changing social-cultural climate, which sets off new demands for communication. The French sociologist Gabriel Tarde, writing about 1900, envisaged a constant interviewing of influences. Technological developments made newspapers possible, newspapers promote the formation of broader publics, and they, by broadening the loyalties of their members, create an extensive network of overlapping and shifting groupings’ (Clark, 1969). Today, the various influences are so bound together that neither mass communication nor modern society is conceivable without the other, and each s a necessary, though not a sufficient, condition for the other. From this point of view we have to conclude that the media may equally be considered to mould or to mirror society and social changes. ***Cultivation Analysis Television shapes concepts of social reality. * Cultivation theory (sometimes referred to as the cultivation hypothesis or cultivation analysis) was an approach developed by Professor George Gerbner, dean of the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pe nnsylvania. It is derived from several large-scale projects concerned with the effects of television programming (particularly violent programming) on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public (Miller, 2005, p. 281) * This theory was developed to study whether and how watching television may influence viewers ideas of what the everyday world is like. * Cultivation theorists argue that television has long-term effects which are small, gradual, indirect but cumulative and significant. Core Assumptions ; Statements Cultivation theory suggests that television is responsible for shaping, or ‘cultivating’ viewers’ conceptions of social reality. * The combined effect of massive television exposure by viewers over time subtly shapes the perception of social reality for individuals and, ultimately, for our culture as a whole. * Gerbner argues that the mass media cultivate attitudes and values which are already present in a culture: the media maintain and propagate these value s amongst members of a culture, thus binding it together. Cultivation theory presents television as not a window on or reflection of the world, but a world in itself. * The cultivation effect of television viewing is one of levelling or homogenizing opinion referred to as mainstreaming effect. * The cultivation effect is divided into two order: 1. First-order cultivation effects refer to the effects of television on statistical descriptions about the world 2. Second-order cultivation effects refer to effects on beliefs about the general nature of the world * There is also a distinction between two groups of television viewers: light viewers – views television for less than 2 hours * heavy viewers – views television for more than four hours * People who watch a lot of television are likely to be more influenced by the ways in which the world is framed by television programs than are individuals who watch less * The difference in the pattern of responses between light an d heavy viewers (when other variables are controlled), is referred to as the cultivation differential, reflecting the extent to which an attitude seems to be shaped by watching television. ‘Resonance’ describes the intensified effect on the audience when what people see on television is what they have experienced in life. This double dose of the televised message tends to amplify the cultivation effect. Steps in Cultivation Research 1. Content Analysis In 1969, Gerbner and his colleagues began to chart the content of prime-time and weekend childrens television programming, and Gerbner et al. (1986, p. 25) noted that 2,105 programs, 6,055 major characters, and 19,116 minor characters had been analyzed by 1984. Significantly, Gerbner et al. pp. 25 26) noted the following patterns: * Men outnumbered women three to one on television * Older people and younger people are underrepresented on television * Blacks and Hispanics are underrepresented on television * Seventy perc ent of television characters are middle class * Crime is 10 times as rampant in the television world 2. Cultural indicators analysis The process of assessing individuals beliefs about what the world is like; this analysis involves surveys of individuals using factual questions about the world Miller (2005) says a separate measure (often at a different point in time) would be used to assess the overall viewing habits of the individual 3. Cultivation analysis A comparison between light television viewers and heavy television viewers: If heavy television viewers tended to provide answers that were more in line with the television response, researchers would have support for the cultivation hypothesis. Conceptual Model Scope and Application * Gerbner and Gross (1976) say elevision is a medium of the socialization of most people into standardized roles and behaviors. Its function is in a word, enculturation (p. 175). * Cultivation research looks at the mass media as a socializing agent and investigates whether television viewers come to believe the television version of reality the more they watch it. Example: In a survey of about 450 New Jersey schoolchildren, 73 percent of heavy viewers compared to 62 percent of light viewers gave the TV answer to a question asking them to estimate the number of people involved in violence in a typical week. The same survey showed that children who were heavy viewers were more fearful about walking alone in a city at night. They also overestimated the number of people who commit serious crimes. This effect is called ‘mean world syndrome’. One controlled experiment addressed the issue of cause and effect, manipulating the viewing of American college students to create heavy- and light-viewing groups. After 6 weeks of controlled viewing, heavy viewers of action-adventure programs were indeed found to be more fearful of life in the everyday world than were light viewers.

Working in Partnership across the Health and Social Care

Question: Choose any private or public Health sector and carry out findings in relation to following points. Analyse models of partnership working across the health and social care sector. Review current legislation and organisational practices and policies for partnership working in health and social care. Finally, explain how differences in working practices and policies affect collaborative working. Answer: Introduction: This report is based on the philosophies and various concepts on partnership working in health and social care. The report is based on a toddler who has bled to death due to the ignorance of the hospital. It was reported that the hospital was highly dependable on the life saving unit for saving the life of the child and there was lack of communication between the doctors. It is said that this is a sheer case of complete failure on the part of the management of the hospital and the doctors that led to the death of a two-year-old child. For this report, the private health care that I have chosen is Streets Heaver Healthcare Computing and the questions will be answered in the light of the health sector that I have chosen. Models of Partnership Working in Health Care: Unified Model: This model aims at providing a single trust having a single economic system and one aim and direction. This model focuses on providing only one aim towards which the entire sectors need to work and improve upon. Coordinated Model: This model allows the agencies working on partnership to operate in an independent manner, keeping them different and at the same time coordinating with all sectors of the management, staffing and training (Munn Winter, 2013). Coalition Model: This model aims at providing the health care organizations to work in a corporate way, based on an agreement, which focuses on self-interest for a common purpose. This kind of partnership works together as one single body for one common purpose. Hybrid Model: When none of the models are dominated the organization is said to operate strategically under combined models. This kind of model is considered as a mix of coordination, integration and coalition models (Glasby Dickinson, 2014). Effect of Differences in Working Practices and Policies: In the United Kingdom, numerous acts are enforced on health and social care. There may be both good and bad outcomes while the implementations of health care at national and regional level take place. According to many theorists collaborative working on heath care, organizations have come together to address various issues relating to health care services, organizations and confusions at a given health care institution (Malmberg, 2015). Aims and Objectives of a Organization: The health care partnership should aim to understand the goals relating to health care and to establish a common purpose. Or else the rate of difficulty with regard to the understanding of issue relating to health care will increase. Responsibilities and Role: Lack of understanding on any given role and responsibility of providing services to the patients may be critical in nature and professionals may face issues with regard to this. Structural Differences in an Organization: Allocation of resources in a health care organization should be done fairly and properly so that all professionals working in a health care system are able to utilize the resources. Communications: Good communication channel is very essential for any health care institution. It helps in avoiding delays pertaining to health care and treatments (Lowes Hulatt, 2013). Promotion of Professionals and organizations in health care and social system: With regard to the development of health care over the years, there were less reported cases of negligence in the era of medical evolution. Before the 20th Century, medical awareness made people so much more careful that people started living with the view that hospitals are meant only for the rich and the upper class people in the society, as they are the ones who can afford it easily (Malmberg, 2015). The role of professionals who are endowed with the responsibility of serving people with proper care and attention plays a very important role. If people focus, more on the promotion of professionals who are part of any health care system can help in effective maintenance of the health care system. If the economic and social restraints that are part of the society decrease then the professionals can be expected to work in a more effective manner. The government of the United Kingdom has recognized that the low level of health outcomes and the tragic situations like that of the toddler who died due to excessive bleeding are the result of diagnosis inaccuracies and failures in identifying early illness risks (Barrington, 2016). For effective management of health care a proper education, employment and training programs should be conducted. Development of skills for meeting the demands of the client is very important. The partnerships that are created in the health and social care sector are done with the aim of providing better service to the community. Informed Decision Making and Information Sharing: A good information sharing and decision making is a two way process between the health professionals and a patient. This is the reflection of an ethical principle that the patient has the right to decide what he or she think is appropriate for them, knowing their personal circumstances and account, priorities and beliefs. This authority is inclusive of the right to accept or to decline the offer that is made by the healthcare professional and to accordingly, change the decision. To exercise this right, a patient will require all the information that is relevant to them for a healthy and safe treatment. Consent on any matter is a legal agreement wherein, any of the parties reflect their intention to be a part of something. In the context of healthcare, it means, an agreement of the person on something that is being performed on them for sampling. Obtaining of consent for all health practitioners from all the patients is important, except in a limited number of circumstances where obtaining of consent is not possible. It is always advisable to obtain informed consent, as it is a reflection that the patient has received relevant information to give them permission for healthcare. Consent in legal sense may also mean that the health practitioners have helped the patient to conclude to agree to the healthcare offered. Current Legislations on Health and Social Care Partnerships: The rules forpartnership working insocial and health carepresent and applicablelegislations, eg, social care, relating tohealth, mental health,disability, safeguarding children andyoung people and datadifferences in workingpractices and policiesaffect collaborativeworking. Some of the legislations that affect the healthcare partnerships are: The Health and Social Care Act, 2012: The endeavor of the legislation is to increase the quality and answerability of care by providing liberty to the health care providers for promoting effective and efficient provision service through participation of clinicians. Care Standards Act, 2000: This legislation has set out the rules on the conduct, organization and premises of autonomous health care organizations, agencies and establishments. Mental Capacity Act, 2005: The legislation aims at working with all the agencies in a effective manner with the user of the service. Children Act, 2004: This act aims in providing powers of the restricted authorities in working together with the local partners in social and health care setting. Care Quality Commission Regulation, 2009: According to this directive the health care service providers requires all the system to provide safe, effective and provide high quality of assistance (Lowes Hulatt, 2013). Organizational Policies and Practices that affect healthcare partnerships: The organizational policies and practices that affect healthcare partnerships are the voluntary and private working practices, national, regional procedures and policies, risk assessment and specialized units. The documents that are produced by the departments of government at the national, local and regional level include the structure of best performance in health and social care. Procedures are executed in associations such as evaluation of risk in health and social care. Procedures were established for contracts in the local authorities for providing health and social care (Barrington, 2016). The partnership working in health and social care operations will be regulated by different organizational policies and procedures and governmental regulations. The Government has the power to assess whether the health care organizations are complying with the regulations or not. The Government can take legal action against the health care organizations that are not complying with the policies and procedures set by the Government for the working of any health care system. The existence of such policies and procedures are very vital as they allow smooth functioning of the health care systems and they provide guidance to the staff in every feature of the health care organizations (Lowes Hulatt, 2013). Conclusion: Partners who work in any health and social sector face a number of difficulties. The primary problem that they are bound to face is misunderstanding. The entire purpose for allowing a smooth functioning of the health care organizations was to avoid misunderstanding. The role of each of the partners who are to work collaboratively should have enough knowledge of their role and responsibility. Difficulties are bound to be a part of this process are there are many models, policies and procedures that one need to follow in the partnership process. Effective strategies can help in implementing the outcomes of working health system. Reference List: Aveyard, H., Sharp, P. (2013).A Beginner's Guide to Evidence-based Practice in Health and Social Care. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Baron, S. L., Beard, S., Davis, L. K., Delp, L., Forst, L., Kiddà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Taylor, A., ... Welch, L. S. (2014). Promoting integrated approaches to reducing health inequities among lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ income workers: Applying a social ecological framework.American journal of industrial medicine,57(5), 539-556. Barrington, R. (2016). Health, medicine and politics in Ireland 1900-1970.Health. Brady, M. (2013). The nature of health and social care partnerships: Consensus about the term partnershipamong managers and staff is vital to the successful delivery of high quality inter-agency services, suggests Mike Brady.Nursing Management,19(9), 30-35. Busse, H., Aboneh, E. A., Tefera, G. (2014). Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa Universitys Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia).Globalization and health,10(1), 1. Carpenter, J., Webb, C., Bostock, L., Coomber, C. (2015). Effective supervision in social work and social care.World. Glasby, J., Dickinson, H. (2014).Partnership working in health and social care: what is integrated care and how can we deliver it?. Policy Press. Lowes, L., Hulatt, I. (Eds.). (2013).Involving service users in health and social care research. Routledge. Malmberg, A. (2015). Aspects on free Pentecostal church in Tanzania in Health service delivery. A minor field study of Public-Private Partnership in Health Care Sector in Tanzania. Millar, R., Hall, K. (2013). Social return on investment (SROI) and performance measurement: The opportunities and barriers for social enterprises in health and social care.Public Management Review,15(6), 923-941. Mockford, C., Staniszewska, S., Griffiths, F., Herron-Marx, S. (2012). The impact of patient and public involvement on UK NHS health care: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,24(1), 28-38. Munn-Giddings, C., Winter, R. (2013).A handbook for action research in health and social care. Routledge.